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Pro Archia Poeta
Cicero's oration ''Pro Archia Poeta'' is the published literary form of his defense of Aulus Licinius Archias, a poet accused of not being a Roman citizen. This accusation is believed to have been a political move against Lucullus through Archias. The poet was originally Greek but had been living in Rome for an extended period of time. A letter from Cicero to Atticus in the year following the trial makes mention of Archias, but there is no conclusive evidence about the outcome of the trial. The oration was re-discovered by Petrarch.〔(''Italy and the Classical Tradition: Language, Thought and Poetry 1300-1600'' ), A&C Black, 2013, p. 164.〕
== Historical background ==
Licinius Archias was born in Antioch around 120 BC and arrived in Rome in 102 BC. It was here that he earned a living as a poet and gained the patronage of the Roman general and politician L. Lucullus. Archias wrote poems of the general's military exploits, and in 93 BC, Lucullus helped him gain citizenship of the municipium of Heraclea. Thereafter, Archias was set up with a permanent residence in Rome in preparation for achieving full Roman citizenship. It was in Rome where Archias became a mentor and teacher of Cicero in his early education in rhetoric.
Archias had become eligible for Roman citizenship under the ''Lex Iulia de Civitate Latinis Danda'', passed in 90 BC, and the ''Lex Plautia Papiria de Civitate Sociis Danda'', passed in 89 BC. The ''Lex Iulia'' granted Roman citizenship to all citizens of municipia on the Italic peninsula, provided they had not fought against Rome in the Social War.
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